décoloniser

To decolonize — to grant independence to a former colony, or, more recently, to critically re-examine institutions, museums, or curricula for colonial-era assumptions and biases. A politically and historically loaded verb tied directly to 20th-century history.

• La France a décolonisé la plupart de ses territoires africains dans les années 1960. — France decolonized most of its African territories in the 1960s.
• Plusieurs musées cherchent aujourd'hui à décoloniser leurs collections. — Several museums today are trying to decolonize their collections.
• Le pays a été décolonisé après une longue lutte pour l'indépendance. — The country was decolonized after a long struggle for independence.

Don't confuse the historical, political sense (granting formal independence) with the newer, broader cultural sense (re-examining colonial bias in institutions) — context determines which one is meant, and French uses the same verb for both.